Dialectic Journal for Catcher in the Rye - 1719 Words

Entry One Quote: â€Å"... and all that David Copperfield kind of crap but I don’t feel like going through it if you want to know the truth... my parents would have about two hemorrhages a piece it I tell anything pretty personal about them.† (Page 1) Response: This excerpt makes me very curious about his family members. The tone makes me believe that Holden probably is ashamed by them or he doesn’t like them when he describes them as â€Å"crap†. His parents’ attitude toward telling others personal stories is also confusing. It is not clear whether they are the ones inhibiting Holden from telling or not. I predict that Holden is reluctant when it comes to uncovering truths about his life. This quote is important because it gives me background†¦show more content†¦Many people in life have had moments where they have said something and regretted it immediately. This is the exact situation in which Holden was in. Holden had just had one of those relatable moments involving the guilt from saying something harsh and how it immediately affects him. However, he soon realizes that it is unfortunately too late to take back the words he had said. Entry Six Quote: â€Å"The fish-that’s different. The fish is different. I’m talking about the ducks.† (Page 82) Response: In this passage of the book, Holden is thinking scientifically. This supports the fact that he is smart after all, even though he his failing most of his classes. Often times, a teenager wants something so bad, they come up with crazy and somewhat stupid ideas and plans to help them obtain that something. Maybe this is because he does not want to try or maybe he wants to fit in with others who would not accept him if he was smart. In this metaphor, he is comparing himself the ducks in Central Park when the lagoon freezes over. What Holden is really saying is the fact that he would not know where to go if he stays living in a place full of phonies and rude people. The ducks cannot swim in ice and he will not stay in a school full of fakes. Entry Seven Quote: â€Å"She hasn’t felt too healthy since my brother Allie dies. She’s very nervous. That’s another reason why I hated like hell for her to know I got the ax

Gross domestic product v gross national happiness Free Essays

string(186) " industry should be boosting gross national happiness’’ \(Pollard, I 2008\) In this context, GNH challenges the one sided measure of social progress using GDP as the only indicator\." Introduction Human beings are created in a unique way. The qualities we engage differentiate us from one another, as we are gifted with unlimited blessings. We have almost full control over our actions and behaviour, which is the reason why we sometimes struggle to innovate new methodologies for our well-being. We will write a custom essay sample on Gross domestic product v gross national happiness or any similar topic only for you Order Now Going back in history we started our lives from caves until being part of this Global village. The question we ask, that are these changes such as measuring Gross Domestic Product (GDP) as well as Gross National happiness (GNH) really for the best? Within this assignment, in the light of Economics we will be discussing the way Nations/States manage their lives (well being). The main focus will be on explaining the differences between Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and what the state of Bhutan in the Himalayas call ‘Gross Nation Happiness’ (GNH). The assignment will then move onto discussing the main problems of measuring both GDP and GNH. GDP formally known as Gross National Income (GNI) has been elaborated from a Russian-born, American educated, and â€Å"Father of National Income Accounting†. Dr Simon Kuznet introduced the method of calculating National Income, although concept of National Income has existed for hundreds of years. Consistent measure of National Income remained invisible or nonexistent before Kuznet’s work. Byrns, R T. While the GDP and the rest of the national income accounts may seem to be arcane concepts, they are truly among the great inventions of the twentieth century. (Paul A. Samuelson and William D. Nordhaus) Like any other process, the method National Income (NI) has crossed many stages to become GDP. At this day and age we have a barometer to gauge the financial health of a Nation and yes, money plays a vital role to fulfil the necessities of life, but it has been proven that stress levels are much higher within the wealthier communities. The question, which arises here, is what is it that’s lacking, despite of having fair and good financial health, especially in developed countries, as the majority are still not living a happy life. Crabtree, S. (Oct 2009) However, GDP was intended to be a measure of economic growth. GDP was never planned to be a measure of overall social well-being. This western economic theory makes the statement that economic growth will enhance social well-being. Research has indicated that in most cases this statement is true, for example when basic human needs are better met. However, GDP is seen to be an imperfect measure, as it does not account for the environmental and social degradations that often accompany economic development. â€Å"Although gross domestic product (GDP) is not intended to be a measure of societal welfare, it is often used as such. One shortcoming as a welfare measure is that it fails to account for the non-marketed value of natural resource flows.† Turner, P. Tschirhart, J. (1999) Moreover, GDP was intended to help politicians with the circumstances of World War II. (Bureau of Economic Analysis, 2000). It was a guide to post-war economic policy and it is hard to underestimate its success. William M. Daley, U.S. Secretary of Commerce, stated that: â€Å"Since the end of World War II, when the GDP accounts were more fully developed and in wider use, the boom and bust swings are much less severe. They have had a very positive effect on America’s economic well-being, by providing a steady stream of very useful economic data.† The success of the GDP can be seen in its ubiquity, it has become the pre-eminent measure of economic and, to a large extent, social well-being. Gross National Happiness (GHN) on the other hand, which has been attributed to the former king of Bhutan, is seen more important than ‘Gross Domestic Product’ The former monarch is said to have made GNH the guiding philosophy of Bhutan’s development process, soon after his enthronement in 1972 (Thinley 2007). However, it was not until the late 1980s, that the king began to use the GNH concept openly in an attempt to ensure that economic development was in harmony with Bhutan’s culture, institutions and spiritual values (Ura and Galay 2004). Introducing Bhutan and GNH to outside ideas and institutions began in the early 1960s, and apparently picked up pace in the 1970s (Ura and Galay 2004). In that context, the GNH concept probably evolved as good-humoured play on words to make the point that the development process ought not be directed toward increasing GNP if this is at the expense of traditional values. Some critics have had difficulty in accepting the GNH concept. This is mainly due to the word ‘Gross’ as in GNH this does not appear to have any meaning, where in GNP it does, it also does not have a meaning corresponding to that in national income accounting. However, this has not prevented the GNH concept from becoming a national objective in Bhutan. Article 9 of the Constitution of this new democracy states: ‘The State shall strive to promote those conditions that will enable the pursuit of Gross National Happiness’. Furthermore, GNH has been debated around the world for many years. Nevertheless, it has received overwhelming support and encouragement from all over the world, be it scholars, educationists, politicians, researchers alike. In addition, GNH is widely discussed internationally. At least four international conferences have been held specifically on GNH, attracting participation by scholars from different disciplines and different parts of the world. (Ongmo, S Dec 2009) b) The reason for the overwhelming support and sympathy that the GNH concept is receiving worldwide is that the citizens everywhere are dissatisfied with the way societies are progressing currently in the world. They are increasingly concerned with their quality of life where GDP is the sole yardstick used for measuring social progress prompted by globalisation. Now people are demanding for more sustainable and complete approach to development taking into account dimensions such as social, environment and culture into policy framework. Comments such as the below have been made which is making GNH the next phenomenon. ‘Our industry should be boosting gross national happiness’’ (Pollard, I 2008) In this context, GNH challenges the one sided measure of social progress using GDP as the only indicator. The Bhutanese government refuses to consider GDP as a good indicator enough to measure development. It argues that GDP is simply a measure of the currency that switches hands and it doesn’t take care of the growing social problems and deteriorating natural resources of a nation. (Sonam Jamtsho, Principal, Peljorling MSS, Samtse ) In today’s age, we have mentioned GNH is a potential substitute for GDP. (Ray, Debraj (1998): Development Economics, New Delhi 1998.) As we have found that GDP has failed to measure on whether it has benefited the nation or not as its only focus has been on the on economy. Factors such as natural disasters haven’t been considered which could contribute to the GDP growth as it stimulates economic activities such as increasing demands for construction. Also I have fund that the measure of GDP isn’t accurate as there is fear that statistic errors along with pollution factors aren’t being included, which would affect the overall performance. GDP also fails to measure things like quality improvement, this is due to the fact GDP can only measure the price as value, but not the quality of goods being produced. Saturday, January 31, 2009, 17:19 Also when assessing the performance of nations, GDP is often the policy used to measure wealth. However, it fails to meas ure more delecate forms of wealth, which are maybe more important to the average persons well being. Harrell, E Sep 2009. Nevertheless, I have found that changes or adbating to different policies will be a real challenge as for example swapping our UK standard of living for that of an average Bhutanese citizen would be very hard to adabt . By Eben Harrell Wednesday, Sep. 16, 2009 In contrast, GNH has become a more complete indicator as it draws upon a broader set of social, environmental and health measurement. One of the GNH creators Lyonpo Jigmi Thinley states: â€Å"We have to think of human well-being in boarder terms. Material well-being is only one component. That does not ensure that you are at peace with your environment and in harmony with each other.† GNH aims to evaluate sustainability, wellbeing and quality of life. There are nine index variables and many different metrics, which it uses to measure GNH. For example some on the key measurements include total household income, the highest level of education, the value of voluntary work and unpaid housework, natural capital such as energy, air and water quality, sustainable transportation, levels of health and education, crime, pollution and recycling levels. However, GNH faces its own limitations. Certain elements which make GNH become possible such as happiness from love is in fact hard to be measured by a rare method as people have different perceptions towards what happiness really means to them. In addition, GNH is only an indication and does not solve the real problems. For example, after releasing GNH in Bhutan, the country still faces challenges such as poverty and alcoholism. It will be argued here that the happiness revolution might, instead of bringing about the return of â€Å"utility,† ultimately condemn this concept for being simplistic, and reveal that subjective well-being cannot serve as a metric for social evaluation without serious precautions. Fleurbaey, Marc(2009) However, no measure has yet be proven to be perfect as the concept of GDP has risen concern of why the world measuring its development, progress and even sense of success by the GDP, if it does not properly account for the things that are beneficial or destructive to society. After all, the economy is just the exchange of goods and services that are meant to enhance the standard of living. Economist Alan Greenspan, and even the inventor of GDP, Simon Kuznets, warned about using GDP to measure well-being and prosperity (Haggart, 2000). Policy makers and Nations such as the U.S have intended to make positive changes to improve the structure. U.S have requested the Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA) to revise the way it measure’s GDP levels and growth. One of the changes consisted of switching to a chain-weighted method of computing aggregate growth which depends on the current price information. This allowed BEA to measure GDP growth more accurately by using a new, â€Å"chain-weighted† procedure which would eventually eliminate upward biases in the incoming data. This indicates that challenges have been reconised when gathering accurate data for GDP and that policymakers are to some extent trying to make changes to enhance the method. However, study has shown that there are drawbacks which aren’t allowing the new measure to work as swiftly as it was intended to, as there has only been a small impact on the analysis of the macro economy. The new data, however, showed that the economy has been gro wing a bit less rapidly over the last few years than they had expected. The new policy also didn’t alter any estimates of the effects of monetary and fiscal policy on inflation, employment, and the budget and trade deficits. Key data on inflation, such as the consumer and producer price indexes, will not be changed, nor will the data on employment or the budget and trade deficits. On the whole, the most significant consequences of the revised GDP measurement system may be that growth in recent years will be marked down and the chronic upward bias to ongoing estimates of aggregate growth eliminated. Policy makers have recognized that GDP successfully measures the national à ¥conomic strà ¥ngth, however, as discussed above ,GDP fails to measure things that ‘make life meaningful’. Morgan Housel – January 1, 2011. Collaborating GDP and GNH has been discussed in many states such as the U.S and the UK. Concepts of measuring both happiness and Gross are in talks, but research suggests that there is a lot of work involved, however, there are signs that they are working in the right direction. A strategy in the U.K which many of us are aware of, track trends that affect the communities well being by using data from the census surveys where government agencies that track health, the environment, the economy and other societal barometers. U.S on the other hand, are working with a research team at Princeton who are working with the Bureau of Labor Statistics to incorporate this kind of charting (census) into its new â€Å"time use† survey, which began last year and is given to 4,000 Americans each month. Dr. Alan B. Krueger, a Princeton economist working on the survey stated that: â€Å"The idea is to start with life as we experience it and then try to understand what helps people feel fulfilled and create conditions that generate that,† This method is intended to equip and educate the American quest for ever more income. But that benefit would have to be balanced against the problems that come with the increased stress imposed by additional testing. â€Å"We should not be hoping to construct a utopia,† Professor Krueger said. â€Å"What we should be talking about is piecemeal movement in the direction of things that make for a better life.† http://www.paradise-engineering.com/happiness/gnh.html China on the other hand, started using, what is known to be a complex index called Human Development Index (HDI), that was established by Nobel Prize laureate Amartya Sen, which was then replaced by Gross National Product in 1990. China, who is another nation which is attracted to the concept of Gross National Happiness (GNH) as they found it an urgent necessity to move away from the GDP-led approach to a more human-centred style of government. The difficulties that many nations are facing that happiness cannot be measured. The IEA, quite fairly argue that the satisfaction levels have not really gone up or down since records began in the 1950s might simply show that measuring happiness is a very imprecise science. As the authors point out, many happiness measurements are based on a three-point scale, with people asked if they feel unhappy, happy, or very happy. â€Å"Basing government policy on such an imprecise measurement would be like the Bank of England’s monetary policy board basing its policy decisions on whether people say they are feeling poor, rich or very rich†, they write. It’s not just rising income levels that don’t appear to affect happiness levels. Rising levels of violent crime also don’t appear to affect it. The high unemployment of the 1980s don’t seem to affect it. Nothing seems to affect it. It just continues in a straight, boring line. So what policy conclusions can we draw from thisNone, it would be fair to suggest. The main problems identified were indicators such as the service input as defining and measuring has become very complex as Some business have mixed service departments in which trying to differentia could be a hard task. Also measuring non market goods such as housework and raising a family is also a challenge. GDP figures also exclude the making of goods and services that are not sold within markets. This component includes housework, meals cooked at home, and child care provided by parents, as well as services volunteered for charities and other groups. For example, when parents care for their own children, the value of their care does not appear in GDP. However, when parents pay for child care, those services appear in GDP. GDP also includes only a very imperfect estimate of production of goods and services sold on the underground economy (or black market). This activity includes production of illegal goods and services (such as drugs and prostitution). It also includes production of legal goods that goes unreported to avoid taxes. Many estimates suggest that the underground economy in the United States amounts to between 5 and 10 percent of GDP; this figure is even larger in many other countries. Conclusion Also when renting a property the expenses appear in GDP as payments towards housing services, where on the other hand if you own the property GDP includes the government’s estimate of the rent that you would pay if you were renting. Also pricing of goods isn’t accurate as these are measured using old, higher prices, overstating the increase in the value of production. Research has also shown that double counting is also a major problem. How to cite Gross domestic product v gross national happiness, Essay examples

Recruitment and Selection Process in Organizations

Question: Discuss about the Recruitment and Selection Process in Organizations . Answer: Introduction Unconscious bias merely refers to the desired thoughts which help in influencing the behavior of the people without awareness. These biases are supposed to influence the preferred decision-making process of the concerned person. It becomes very important to understand the judgment, cultural backgrounds and the personal experiences of the people before making a suitable decision. The implicit bias refers to the different attitude or the stereotypes which affects the understanding, decisions and the actions of the people in an unconscious manner. It gives rise to gender discrimination, ethnicity, religion, disability, high ceiling, Langue and many more. Another definition of unconscious bias refers to that bias from which people are unaware and which took place outside of peoples control (Flew, 2015). Brain plays the most important role in this by making quick judgments and assesses the people as per the desired situation (BoatengBoateng, 2010). The background, different cultural envir onment and the personal experiences plays the major role in making the bias decisions in favor of a particular person. Unconscious biases can be defined as the biases which are the social stereotypes related to a certain group of the people reflecting their own conscious awareness ("How Badly is Your Unconscious Bias Affecting Your Recruiting Skills?", 2016). This research paper critically presents the literature evaluated by many of the well-known researchers in the past regarding the formation of the unconscious bias decisions. The research paper will help in discussing the desired aspects and the affects of the unconscious bias which is also called the hidden bias in the recruitment as well as the selection processes. Characteristics protects people against discrimination characteristics of the 2010 equality act reveals the different aspects of discrimination of the people from the unconscious bias decisions ("Discrimination: your rights - GOV.UK", 2016). The act evaluates the fact that the protected characteristics is against the law for discriminating anyone because of several factors. These are because of: Age Being a transsexual person Getting married or staying in a civil partnership Sex Sexual orientation Racisms including nationality, color, ethnic origin Disability Religion or beliefs These factors critically help in understanding the desired impact of the unconscious bias decision which affects the recruitment as well as the selection processes. It has been sent ht the people working in the different countries sometimes suffers from the effects of racisms based on nationality or religion and this generates great impact on the execution of the business processes of the concerned firm. These types of the discrimination critically affect the decision making processes and give rise to Unconscious bias decisions. Literature Review The past researchers have evaluated the fact there are many articles written in order to understand the desired impact and the concepts of the unconscious bias. The unconscious bias is the hidden bias which critically affects the execution of the business processes of a particular firm in several ways. It has been seen that the different attitudes and decisions of people critically affects the decision provided by other people. Moreover, the implicit biases are supposed to be more pervasive and it affects the partial and the impartial decision made by the HR managers of any of the concerned firm. The different examples needs to be evaluated in order to bring out the desired facts related to the affect of the unconscious bias from the behavior, personality and the experiences of the people. in some of the circumstances it is seen that the personality or the experiences or the achievements of the concerned person affect the decision which is going to be made by the recruiter. A differe nt example on the influencing of the decisions of the recruiters from the affect of Hidden bias is being provided throughout this paper. The use of the past literatures helps in indentifying the desired factors which creates enormous impact o the decision-making processes of the HR managers. Relationship between traditional practice of PM, industrial relation, and HRM There exists a vast relationship between traditional practices of PM and the industrial relation. In the words of (Desbordes, 2013) there are two related concepts that deal with many aspects of the organization and their employees and the two related aspects are personnel management and industrial relations (Disselkamp, 2009). Personal Management can be defined as maintaining, planning as well as monitoring the performances of employees associated with a firm in order to improve their respective overall performances (Fenton, 2015). The hidden bias is seen to be growing throughout different organizations on large numbers as people gets influenced by the suggestions, activities, attitudes and the behavior of the other people while interacting with them. Industrial relation deals with the employment relationship. It has mainly three faces: science building, ethical and solving problems. Impact of unconscious bias on organization The unconscious bias crates enormous impact on the recruitment as well as the selection processes and few of the illustrations have been provided in the file mentioned below. There should not be any other bias decision regarding the recruitment and the selection process as it critically affects the growth and the expansion of the firm on a large scale. As per the 2010 characteristics equality act there are three of the important points which creates enormous impact on the recruitment and the selection process, they are: Sexual orientation (Gender) Preferences to the females or to the males are seen in many of the firms and this somewhat affects the execution of the business practices. There should be rise of any unconscious bias decisions considering the gender of the people concerned. Disability The disability is another factor which affects the recruitment as well as the selection processes. There needs to be some considerations or seats available for the people suffering disability but the decisions of the interviewer should be hampered. As for Example: The case of Jordan reveals that there are two types of the people, one from the background of Palestinian who cannot work in a sensitive position within the government, whereas the original Jordanian cannot work with the bigger private firms from the owner of Palestinian (Sandvig, 2015). The biased or the hidden decisions needs to be reduced and the employees should be selected as per their skills, talent, ability and relevant experiences ("https://www.insights.com/files/unconscious-bias-article.pdf", 2016). Selection The fair selection methods need to be evaluated in order to enhance the overall performances of the firm (Kendrick, 2010). During the interview process, if someone is having more experiences and too aged then these critically affects the selection processes (Rohm, 2014).. Moreover, it has been seen that there are people who suffers from the unconscious biased decisions because of their age. Another example is the Horns effect which reflects the bad things about the candidate appearing for the interview ("How Badly is Your Unconscious Bias Affecting Your Recruiting Skills? 2016). As an example: The Halo Effect is another point to look upon as it affects the recruitment as well as the selection processes critically. During the interview processes, the higher reputation of the college of the candidate and the distinction or the higher grades of marks posses by him critically affects our decision. The person is then seen with the glow of his achievement and therefore affects the decision to in favor of him. Example: Similarity bias is another example which is see in many of the places during the interview round. If the interviewer comes across the candidate having similar personality to him or her them then the decision of the interviewer gets affected and this is one of the most useful examples of unconscious bias ("How Badly is Your Unconscious Bias Affecting Your Recruiting Skills? 2016). The above examples critically reveal the desired impact of the unconscious biasness on the selection and the recruitment processes. Example: Beauty Bias is another aspect which affects the diversity management practices. It is a matter of fact that people gets influenced by the most handsome person or beautiful girl and they start thinking that handsome boy or beautiful girls are considered to be the most successful for any particular business or firm ("How Badly is Your Unconscious Bias Affecting Your Recruiting Skills? 2016). Moreover, the 11/9 backlash on Muslims reflects the discrimination against the followers of Islam. This particularly evaluates the perception of the people regarding the Muslims living throughout America. The discrimination of the basis of the religion and culture affects the effectiveness of the workplace concerned. Every survey regarding the American society reflects no barrier to the advancement of the Muslims and this was supposed to be the major concern f or the people. America is not the perfect place but it can be considered to be the safer place for the Muslims s well as for those people following the Islam (McCormick, 2016). The 11/9 incident evaluates the biased decisions that took place against the Muslims and it affected the people throughout the country. Moreover, there are some of the issues related with the bias decisions such as the discrimination of the employees on the basis of nationality, gender, age, Culture and religion. Equity and Diversity: Equal opportunities needs to be provided to all of the employees associated with the firm as this helps in the reduction of the discrimination between the employees concerned. It has been that a person as well as the employees comes from diverse cultural backgrounds. As per the characteristics equality act of 2010, the following point needs to be considered in understanding the unconscious bias decisions related to diversity and equality: Racisms including nationality, color, ethnic origin Racisms based on nationality affect the business processes as well as it creates conflicts between the employees concerned. The diversity management practices are considered to be of great importance as they helps in maintaining the effectiveness of the firm irrespective of the nationality, color or origin of the candidate (Lomborg, 2015). Racisms consisting of religion, gender or caste The diversification of the people based on Many company or management try to motivate their employees by their pay scales or compensation but it is required to motivate them without getting influence by any other factors causing implicit bias (Girard Girard, 2011). Proper motivation of the employees leads to giving proper result and feedback improves their overall performances ("Googles latest accomplishment: refining marketing practice", 2012). For instance, when recruiting and selecting staff in the public sector and the private sector organizations in Jordan with regards to original ethnicity. Public sector organizations apparently tend to have unconscious bias by selecting original Jordanian candidate, whereas some private sector organizations clearly tend to recruit original Palestinian candidates. Notwithstanding that both of ethnics might have Jordanian nationality. Recommendations The top three recommendations for Human Resource Management are discussed as follows: Strategic Vision There exists a crucial advantage from the video interviews as it offers platform for the candidates to expresses their views regarding the particular matter asked during the interview. They are allowed to read the questions and then answer. It becomes important to understand the desired concepts and the examples reflecting the unconscious biased decisions coming from different situation which affects the recruitment as well as the selection procedures of the HR department. Demographics The right and the appropriate amount of education along with th training, these impacts of the unconscious biases can be reduced easily. The identification of the demographic factor should be understood as this lays crucial impact on the growth of a particular firm. It is the work of the HR leaders to check company's present image and to establish techniques in which HR workings support that particular vision of the firm. The identification of the different demographical factors will help in reducing the occurrence of the unconscious biased decisions. Transferring of Knowledge Conveying of the proper knowledge and the effective means of training to the recruiters as well as the employees of the HR department will help in overcoming the impact of the unconscious bias.The transferring of the suitable knowledge helps in bringing out the correct knowledge and reduces the chances of getting influenced by the different interactions of the people concerned. Identification of issues The issues coming between the recruitment processes needs to be evaluated in order to reduce the impact of the unconscious bias. The desired message of equality and awareness regarding the different culture of the people will help in reducing the unconscious biased decisions which comes in favor of a particular person. Conclusion The development of the biased decisions critically affects the execution of the work processes of the firm and thus, it becomes more important to understand the desired impact of the unconscious biased decisions on the entire firm. The implicit bias refers to the different attitude or the stereotypes which affects the understanding, decisions and the actions of the people in an unconscious manner. It becomes crucial to understand the actual definition of the implicit bias and a few of its characteristics as it plays vital role in the decision-making process. The research paper critically reveals the impact of the unconscious biases decisions of the HR managers affecting the firm and which should be equal for the employees and the motivation should be provided to all of the employees concerned. The implicit biases are supposed to be more pervasive and it affects the partial and the impartial decision made by the HR managers of any of the concerned firm. References Boateng, B. Boateng, K. (2010).Joomla! social networking with JomSocial. Birmingham, U.K.: Packt Pub. Chadwick, A. (2015). The "Social Media" Maneuver.Social Media + Society,1(1). https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2056305115578133 Couldry, N. (2015). Social Media: Human Life.Social Media + Society,1(1). https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2056305115580336 Coyle, T. Chan, M. (2015). Using Social Media for Professional Advancement: Lessons Learned.The ASHA Leader,20(3), online only. https://dx.doi.org/10.1044/leader.gs.20032015.np Desbordes, M. (2013). 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